Bridging the Gap: Nanosensors’ Role in Tracking Biomarkers for Health Monitoring

Authors

  • Manasa Shankar Woodstock High School
  • Dr. Kristina Lilova Arizona State University
  • Virgel Torremocha University of Southeastern Philippines
  • Jothsna Kethar Gifted Gabber

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v14i1.8853

Keywords:

Biomarkers, Nanosensors, Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatments, Healthcare

Abstract

Nanosensors, a miniscule sensing device, are used for many things that can be helpful to human life. For one, they can help detect the presence of biomarkers, and are used to correctly identify the presence of a disease, infection, or environmental exposure to contagions. This has been proven helpful as they can detect these diseases or infections at very low concentrations. They can also be extremely specific and eliminate false positives, and can be very cost efficient. However, there seems to be a research gap as biomarkers can actually change a lot over time in certain diseases like cancer. Because of these changes, the results of certain biomarker tests may not be as accurate and efficient in terms of treatments. Many consequences of this include delayed or wrong  treatments, psychological stress, and can even result in a lot of medical debt. This can provide negative after effects, especially if one lives in a country with poor healthcare. The problem here is that biomarker tests may not be accurate in terms of detecting biomarkers in the body, due to the ability of biomarkers to change drastically. To further investigate the different types of nanosensors, the methodology will include six experimental groups selected from multiple countries, correlating with six diseases, and one control group. Every three months over the course of two years, the experimental groups will receive the nanosensors that will detect their biomarkers change over time, and the control group will be receiving regular biomarker tests. The results will be used to develop more effective personalized treatment.



Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Dr. Kristina Lilova, Arizona State University

Research Assistant Professor

References or Bibliography

Anic, G. M., Rostron, B. L., Hammad, H. T., van Bemmel, D. M., Del Valle-Pinero, A. Y., Christensen, C. H., Erives, G., Faulcon, L. M., Blount, B. C., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Bhandari, D., Calafat, A. M., Kimmel, H. L., Everard, C. D., Compton, W. M., Edwards, K. C., Goniewicz, M. L., Wei, B., & Hyland, A. (2022). Changes in Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure among Cigarette Smokers Transitioning to ENDS Use: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013–2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031462

Bensalah, K., Montorsi, F., & Shariat, S. F. (2007). Challenges of cancer biomarker profiling. European Urology, 52(6), 1601–1609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2007.09.036

Bodaghi, A., Fattahi, N., & Ramazani, A. (2023). Biomarkers: Promising and valuable tools towards diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Covid-19 and other diseases. Heliyon, 9(2), e13323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13323

Borrebaeck, C. A. K. (2017). Precision diagnostics: moving towards protein biomarker signatures of clinical utility in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 17(3), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2016.153

Chelliah, R., Wei, S., Daliri, E. B.-M., Rubab, M., Elahi, F., Yeon, S.-J., Jo, K. hee, Yan, P., Liu, S., & Oh, D. H. (2021). Development of Nanosensors Based Intelligent Packaging Systems: Food Quality and Medicine. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1515. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061515

Collins, S., Roy, S., & Masitha, R. (2023, October 26). Paying for It: How Health Care Costs and Medical Debt Are Making Americans Sicker and Poorer. Www.commonwealthfund.org. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/surveys/2023/oct/paying-for-it-costs-debt-americans-sicker-poorer-2023-affordability-survey

Comite, F., Santostasi, G., Sansaricq, G., & Fisch, M. (2019). SAT-LB024 Imprecision in Biomarker Analysis: Major Hurdle to Detection and Reversal of Disorders of Aging? Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-sat-lb024

Engel, J., Pitkänen, A., Loeb, J. A., Edward Dudek, F., Bertram, E. H., Cole, A. J., Moshé, S. L., Wiebe, S., Jensen, F. E., Mody, I., Nehlig, A., & Vezzani, A. (2013). Epilepsy biomarkers. Epilepsia, 54, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12299

Facts about Depression | Hope for Depression. (2013). Hope for Depression. https://www.hopefordepression.org/depression-facts/

Gratas, S. (2023, January 17). Nearly every Georgia county faces a shortage of primary care providers. Georgia Public Broadcasting. https://www.gpb.org/news/2023/01/17/nearly-every-georgia-county-faces-shortage-of-primary-care-providers

Hampel, H., O’Bryant, S. E., Molinuevo, J. L., Zetterberg, H., Masters, C. L., Lista, S., Kiddle, S. J., Batrla, R., & Blennow, K. (2018). Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease: mapping the road to the clinic. Nature Reviews Neurology, 14(11), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0079-7

Hayes, A. (2022, July 20). T-Test: What It Is With Multiple Formulas and When To Use Them. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-test.asp

Health Care Costs by Country 2020. (2023). Worldpopulationreview.com. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/health-care-costs-by-country

Health in Georgia: Statistics, rankings, and data trends on deaths, spending, life expectancy, and more. (2023, August 7). USAFacts. https://usafacts.org/topics/health/state/georgia/

Introduction to lab-on-a-chip 2020: review, history and future. (2023). Elveflow. https://www.elveflow.com/microfluidic-reviews/general-microfluidics/introduction-to-lab-on-a-chip-review-history-and-future/

Janes, H., Pepe, M. S., McShane, L. M., Sargent, D. J., & Heagerty, P. J. (2015). The Fundamental Difficulty With Evaluating the Accuracy of Biomarkers for Guiding Treatment. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 107(8), djv157. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv157

Jin, G., Han, Y., Liu, C., Chen, L., Ding, B., Xuan, S., Liu, X., Ma, G., Gao, J., & Tian, X. (2015). Evaluation of biomarker changes after administration of various neoadjuvant chemotherapies in breast cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 8(1), 914–921. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4348938/

Leygo, C., Williams, M., Jin, H. C., Chan, M. W. Y., Chu, W. K., Grusch, M., & Cheng, Y. Y. (2017). DNA Methylation as a Noninvasive Epigenetic Biomarker for the Detection of Cancer. Disease Markers, 2017, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3726595

Luangdilok, S., Samarnthai, N., & Korphaisarn, K. (2014). Association between Pathological Complete Response and Outcome Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients. Journal of Breast Cancer, 17(4), 376. https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2014.17.4.376

Masterson, L., & Megna, M. (2023). The Worst (And Best) States For Healthcare, Ranked – Forbes Advisor. Www.forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/health-insurance/best-worst-states-for-healthcare/

MD, D. L. T. (2023, August 10). Study detects biomarker changes nearly 30 years before symptom onset of Alzheimer’s disease. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230810/Study-detects-biomarker-changes-nearly-30-years-before-symptom-onset-of-Alzheimere28099s-disease.aspx

Mishra, A., & Verma, M. (2010). Cancer Biomarkers: Are We Ready for the Prime Time? Cancers, 2(1), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2010190

Rajan, K. B., McAninch, E. A., Aggarwal, N. T., Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., Weuve, J., DeCarli, C., & Evans, D. A. (2022). Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Clinical Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Population Sample. 100(8), e874–e883. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000201289

Shvili, J. (2020, May 30). 10 Countries Without Universal Healthcare. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-notable-countries-that-are-still-without-universal-healthcare.html

Tolles, J., Bai, Y., Baquero, M., Harris, L. N., Rimm, D. L., & Molinaro, A. M. (2011). Optimal tumor sampling for immunostaining of biomarkers in breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Research, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2882

Published

02-28-2025

How to Cite

Shankar, M., Lilova, K., Torremocha, V. ., & Kethar, J. (2025). Bridging the Gap: Nanosensors’ Role in Tracking Biomarkers for Health Monitoring. Journal of Student Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v14i1.8853

Issue

Section

HS Research Projects