Enhancing Tomato Plants with Lysozyme Proteins for Gut Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v14i1.8685Keywords:
Tomato Plants, GMOs, Lysozyme, BifidobacteriumAbstract
Within the past decades, there has been a noticeable decrease in the microbiome of the population, which corresponds to probiotic intake and the production of bifidobacterium in the human body. 020402_LYZ M1, a lysozyme-like protein which is produced by Bifidobacterium longum (B. Longum), would hypothetically increase the nutritional value of a tomato when genetically engineering a tomato plant with this protein. This research review explores the main reasons this GMO would succeed in the real world and describes its other effects on plants, immunity, the biochemical pathways of the plants, and human gut health. The main hypothesis of this paper is to state that the 020402_LYZ M1 protein can make a tomato plant produce more B. longum in the tomato to increase the growth of good bacteria in the human gut while also reducing gut inflammation.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Andersen, Ethan J., et al. ‘Disease Resistance Mechanisms in Plants’. Genes, vol. 9, no. 7, July 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9070339.
Professional, C. C. medical. (2024, September 19). What is your gut microbiome? Cleveland Clinic. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/25201-gut-microbiome
Dos Santos, Cristiane, and Octávio Luiz Franco. ‘Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses’. Plants, vol. 12, no. 11, MDPI AG, June 2023, p. 2226, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112226.
Crowgey, Erin L., et al. ‘Development of a Novel Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for Carrier Screening in Old Order Amish and Mennonite Populations of Pennsylvania’. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics: JMD, vol. 21, no. 4, Elsevier BV, July 2019, pp. 687–694, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.03.004.
Ferraboschi, Patrizia, et al. ‘Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic’. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 12, MDPI AG, Dec. 2021, p. 1534, https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121534.
Gul, Sabiha, and Emanuele Durante-Mangoni. ‘Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics—A Comprehensive Review’. Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 13, no. 5, MDPI AG, Mar. 2024, p. 1436, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051436.
Hamilton, James P. ‘Epigenetics: Principles and Practice’. Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 29, no. 2, S. Karger AG, July 2011, pp. 130–135, https://doi.org/10.1159/000323874.
Handy, Diane E., et al. ‘Epigenetic Modifications: Basic Mechanisms and Role in Cardiovascular Disease’. Circulation, vol. 123, no. 19, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), May 2011, pp. 2145–2156, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.956839.
‘BJN Volume 123 Issue 9 Cover and Back Matter’. The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 123, no. 9, Cambridge University Press (CUP), May 2020, pp. b1–b2, https://doi.org/10.1017/s000711452000094x.
Jurić, Slaven, et al. ‘The Enhancement of Plant Secondary Metabolites Content in Lactuca Sativa L. by Encapsulated Bioactive Agents’. Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Feb. 2020, p. 3737, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60690-3.
Fouda, Karem, et al. ‘Protective Effect of Tomato Pomace Extract Encapsulated in Combination with Probiotics against Indomethacin Induced Enterocolitis’. Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Jan. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52642-y.
Kimball, Scot R., and Leonard S. Jefferson. ‘Amino Acids as Regulators of Gene Expression’. Nutrition & Metabolism, vol. 1, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Aug. 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-1-3.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1323-1. Accessed 9 Nov. 2024.
Mogensen, Trine H. ‘Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses’. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 22, no. 2, American Society for Microbiology, Apr. 2009, pp. 240–73, Table of Contents, https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00046-08.
‘Future Genetically Engineered Crops’. National Academies of Sciences, National Academies Press, 2016.
Nawaz, Nida, et al. ‘Lysozyme and Its Application as Antibacterial Agent in Food Industry’. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 27, no. 19, MDPI AG, Sept. 2022, p. 6305, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196305.
Nishad, Resna, et al. ‘Modulation of Plant Defense System in Response to Microbial Interactions’. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 11, Frontiers Media SA, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01298.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/pathogen-associated-molecular-pattern. Accessed 9 Nov. 2024.
http://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/researchers-have-discovered-that-tomatoes-are-healthy-for-gut-bacteria. Accessed 9 Nov. 2024.
Robertson, Ruairi. ‘Why Bifidobacteria Are so Good for You’. Healthline Media, 2017.
Shine, M. B., et al. ‘Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Systemic Acquired Resistance to Microbial Pathogens’. Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology, vol. 279, Elsevier BV, Feb. 2019, pp. 81–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.001.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-017-2136-3. Accessed 9 Nov. 2024.
Wong, Chyn Boon, et al. ‘Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Longum BB536 on Human Health: Modulation of Gut Microbiome as the Principal Action’. Journal of Functional Foods, vol. 54, Elsevier BV, Mar. 2019, pp. 506–519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.002.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0668-7. Accessed 9 Nov. 2024.
Zheng, Yijun, et al. ‘The Effects of Food Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds on the Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review’. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 9, MDPI AG, Apr. 2024, p. 1345, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13091345.
Zipfel, Cyril. ‘Plant Pattern-Recognition Receptors’. Trends in Immunology, vol. 35, no. 7, Elsevier BV, July 2014, pp. 345–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2014.05.004.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Diya Chivukula
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
