Profit Over Patients: How Financial Corporations Prioritize Earnings at the Expense of Patient Care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v14i1.8649Keywords:
economics, lobbying, policy, government, hospitals, non-profit, for profitAbstract
The U.S. healthcare system, despite its advanced technologies, faces critical issues with affordability, accessibility, and care quality. This study investigates the financial motivations behind these challenges, revealing how key players—nonprofit and for-profit hospitals, insurance companies, and lobbyists—often prioritize profits over patient well-being. Through an analysis of restrictive insurance policies, the influence of lobbying in legislative decisions, and the Purdue Pharma case’s impact on the opioid crisis, the research highlights the ways corporate profit strategies compromise patient access and safety. Findings underscore that lobbying efforts and insurance barriers significantly raise healthcare costs, reduce transparency, and limit patient access to essential care. The study calls for policy reforms focused on protecting patient welfare over corporate interests, exploring alternatives like universal healthcare or price control measures to curb exploitative practices. This paper emphasizes the need for a balanced healthcare model, prioritizing affordability, transparency, and patient-centered care over profit maximization.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
References
Andritsos, D. A., & Aflaki, S. (2015). Competition and The Operational Performance of Hospitals: The Role of Hospital Objectives. Production & Operations Management, 24(11), 1812–1832. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/poms.12416
Ansari, S., Enayati, S., Akhavan-Tabatabaei, R., & Kapp, J. M. (2024). Curbing the Opioid Crisis: Optimal Dynamic Policies for Preventive and Mitigating Interventions. Decision Analysis, 21(3), 165–193. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1287/deca.2023.0084
Barnert, E., Sun, A., Abrams, L. S., & Chung, P. J. (2020). Physical health, medical care access, and medical insurance coverage of youth returning home after incarceration: A systematic review. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 26(2), 113–128. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1177/1078345820915908
Bates, L. J., Mukherjee, K., & Santerre, R. E. (2010). Medical Insurance Coverage and Health Production Efficiency. Journal of Risk & Insurance, 77(1), 211–229. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2009.01336.x
Bikker, J. A., & Bekooij, J. G. J. (2024). Market forces in healthcare insurance: The impact of healthcare reform on regulated competition revisited. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 29(4), 4303–4318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2875
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2021). National health expenditure data. https://www.cms.gov/national-health-expenditure-data
Center for Responsive Politics. (2023). Healthcare: Lobbying, 2023. OpenSecrets. Retrieved from https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/indus.php?cycle=2023&ind=H01
Chamak, B. (2019). Lobbying by association: The case of autism and the controversy over packing therapy in France. Social Science & Medicine, 230, 256–263. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.027
Chilingerian, J. A., & Sherman, H. D. (1987). FOR-PROFIT vs NON-PROFIT HOSPITALS: THE EFFECT OF THE PROFIT MOTIVE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF OPERATIONS. Financial Accountability & Management, 3(3), 283–306. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1987.tb00051.x
Choi, H., & Yoo, J. (2023). Effects of various medical expense characteristics on the occurrence of household debt burden. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(1), 177–188. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/ijcs.12817
Choma, B. L., Barnes, A. J., Braun, R. T., & Hanoch, Y. (2018). Dissecting the politics of “Obamacare”: The role of distributive justice, deservingness, and affect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48(11), 634–642. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/jasp.12553
People over profit. Community Catalyst. (2023, August 16). https://communitycatalyst.org/work/building-power-with-communities/people-over-profit/
CLEMENT, M. (2007). Healthcare Mobilisation: Privatisation vs Quality Healthcare For All. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 11(2), 146–153. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48531786
Cohen, D. (2021). Purdue Pharma’s bankruptcy proposal falls short, critics say. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/30/health/purdue-pharma-bankruptcy-proposal.html
David, G. (2009). The convergence between for-profit and nonprofit hospitals in the United States. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics, 9(4), 403–428. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25652875
Diestre, L., Barber, B., IV, & Santaló, J. (2020). The Friday effect: Firm lobbying, the timing of drug safety alerts, and drug side effects. Management Science, 66(8), 3677–3698. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3386
Ellison, A. (2021, February 8). How HCA, Kaiser, Providence, 5 other systems fared in 2020. Becker’s Hospital Review. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/finance/how-hca-kaiser-providence-5-other-systems-fared-in-2020.html
FiercePharma. (2022). How Big Pharma uses patents to keep drug prices high in the U.S. FiercePharma. Retrieved from https://www.fiercepharma.com/
Gaffney, A., Woolhandler, S., & Himmelstein, D. U. (2023). Century‐Long Trends in the Financing and Ownership of American Health Care. Milbank Quarterly, 101(2), 325–348. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/1468-0009.12647
Glascoff, D. W. (1999). Quality of Care in Investor-Owned vs. Not-for-Profit HMOs. Marketing Health Services, 19(3), 53.
González, D. L., & Steinberg, R. (2003). The impact of healthcare lobbying on public health policy: A study of the 2002–2003 legislative session. The American Journal of Medicine, 114(9), 703-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00803-9
HARRIS, G. L. A. (2010). CULTURAL COMPETENCE: ITS PROMISE FOR REDUCING HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 33(1), 2–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25790773
Healthcare Finance News. (2023, June 28). Lown Institute says nonprofit hospitals received $14 billion more in tax breaks than they gave back. https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com
Helmig, B., Inderfurth, S., & Pinz, A. (2014). Success and Failure of Nonprofit Organizations: Theoretical Foundations, Empirical Evidence, and Future Research. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 25(6), 1509–1538. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43654678
Hill, M. D., Kelly, G. W., Lockhart, G. B., & Van Ness, R. A. (2013). Determinants and Effects of Corporate Lobbying. Financial Management, 42(4), 931–957. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43280520
Hoffman, J. (2019). Purdue Pharma and the opioid crisis: What’s next? ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/purdue-pharma-and-the-opioid-crisis-whats-next
Hung, A., Wilson, L. E., Smith, V. A., Pavon, J. M., Sloan, C. E., Hastings, S. N., & Maciejewski, M. L. (2024). Impact of comprehensive medication reviews on potentially inappropriate medication discontinuation in Medicare beneficiaries. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 72(8), 2347–2358. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/jgs.19013
JAMA Network. (2023). The Role of Hospitals in Healthcare Lobbying. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/
Jones-Berry, S. (2019). Nurse managers urged to promote environmental sustainability: The RCN is lobbying healthcare providers to adopt strategies on environmental sustainability. Nursing Management - UK, 26(5), 8–11. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.7748/nm.26.5.8.s7
Katz, D. L., & Meller, S. (2017). A call to action for the next generation of health systems. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, Article 229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00229
Kinzbrunner, B. M. (2002). For Profit vs. Not-for-Profit Hospice: It is the Quality that Counts. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5(4), 483–485. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1089/109662102760269715
Kolodny, A., Courtwright, D. T., & Hellman, M. (2015). The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: A public health approach to an epidemic of addiction. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 559-574. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957
Letourneau, E. J., Walker, A., Sun, Y., Nair, R., Assini-Meytin, L. C., Stuart, E. A., & McGinty, E. B. (2024). Associations between the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion and youth violent offense charges and adjudications from 2008 to 2018. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 30(3), 363–372. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1037/law0000430
Maclean, J. C., Mallatt, J., Ruhm, C. J., & Simon, K. (2022). The opioid crisis, health, healthcare, and crime: A review of quasi-experimental economic studies. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 703(1), 15–49. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1177/00027162221149285
McGough, M., Winger, A., Rakshit, S., & Amin, K. (2023, December 15). How has U.S. spending on healthcare changed over time? Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/u-s-spending-healthcare-changed-time/#Cumulative%20growth%20in%20per%20enrollee%20spending,%20by%20private%20insurance,%20Medicare,%20and%20Medicaid,%202008-2022
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021). Overdose death data. https://www.drugabuse.gov/overdose-death-data
Oberlander, J. (2012). The future of Obamacare. The New England Journal of Medicine, 367(23), 2165–2167. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1056/NEJMp1213674
Pellegrini, L. C., Rodriguez-Monguio, R., & Qian, J. (2014). The US healthcare workforce and the labor market effect on healthcare spending and health outcomes. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics, 14(2), 127–141. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24571845
Perera, U. G. E., Dick, A. W., Chou, S.-Y., Bynum, J. P. W., & Meara, E. (2022). Profit Status and Nursing Home COVID-19 Testing and Case Counts. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 70(12), 3489–3499. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/jgs.18128
Smith, S. R., Meier, K. J., & Langer, M. M. (2023). “Citizens Deserve the Best Government Money Can Buy!” Assessing Lobbying, Political Performance, and Public Management. Administration & Society, 55(6), 864–889. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1177/00953997231152720
Spence, M. M., Teleki, S. S., Cheetham, T. C., Millares, M., Morgenstern, H., & Bleecker, G. C. (2014). Sociodemographic Predictors of Dual Use of Veterans Affairs and Non-Veterans Affairs Pharmacies for Medications to Treat Diabetes, Hypertension, or Dyslipidemia. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, 20(5), 457–465. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.5.457
Supreme Court of the United States. (2023). Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, No. 23-124 [PDF]. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-124_8nk0.pdf
Toll, E. (2012). A Piece of My Mind: The Cost of Technology. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(23), 2497–2498. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1001/jama.2012.5669
van Ginneken, E., Enthoven, A., & Schäfer, W. (2024). Adjusting to aging? A longitudinal analysis of German policy on market-based healthcare reform. International Journal of Health Planning & Management, 39(2), 299–319. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1002/hpm.3537
Van Zee, A. (2009). The promotion and marketing of OxyContin: Commercial triumph, public health tragedy. American Journal of Public Health, 99(2), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.100509
Woolhandler, S., Campbell, T., & Himmelstein, D. U. (2003). Costs of Health Care Administration in the United States and Canada. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(8), 768–775. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1056/NEJMsa022033
Zhang, X., Hillman, N., Di, Y., Devos, N., & York, T. R. (2023). Does For‐Profit Status Matter in Cancer Care? An Assessment of Care Coordination and Outcomes. Milbank Quarterly, 101(2), 349–376. https://doi-org.ezproxy.d-e.org:2443/10.1111/1468-0009.12638
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Hannah Chun

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.


