Exploring Remission Options for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i4.8335Keywords:
Diabetes, Diabetes treatment, Type 2 diabetesAbstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic health condition caused by several genetic and/or environmental factors. T2DM does not have an immediate cure; this requires strategies to manage symptoms and slowly start remission. This review paper dives into treatment options for T2DM such as lifestyle intervention, prescription medication, and bariatric surgery. The focus will be on exploring their effectiveness in patients with T2DM as well as examining any potential side effects. This paper highlights the importance of treatment plans that take into account the nature of T2DM. After exploring three options, our results suggest that the different options correspond to different stages of the disease: lifestyle intervention is best for the early stages, medication is best for the middle stage, and bariatric surgery is one of the last options given by physicians.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Ahn, S., & Song, R. (2012). Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on glucose control, neuropathy scores, balance, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 18(12), 1172–1178. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2011.0690
Artasensi, A., Pedretti, A., Vistoli, G., & Fumagalli, L. (2020). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Multi-Target Drugs. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(8), 1987. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081987
Borse, S. P., Chhipa, A. S., Sharma, V., Singh, D. P., & Nivsarkar, M. (2021). Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Strategies, Unfocussed Aspects, Challenges, and Alternatives. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 30(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511002
Courcoulas, A. P., Gallagher, J. W., Neiberg, R. H., Eagleton, E. B., DeLany, J. P., Lang, W., Punchai, S., Gourash, W., & Jakicic, J. M. (2020). Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Treatment: 5-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 105(3), 866–876. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa006
Daly, A., & Hovorka, R. (2021). Technology in the management of type 2 diabetes: Present status and future prospects. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 23(8), 1722–1732. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14418
Dan Yang, Yifan Yang, Yanlin Li, Rui Han; Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation. Ann Nutr Metab 28 May 2019; 74 (4): 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1159/000500110
Figure 1: Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). [Photograph]. (2020, April 25). Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pathophysiology-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-T2DM_fig1_341011040
Figure 3: Treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes [Photograph]. (2014, January 31). National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3952010/
Figure 2: Type 2 diabetes develops as long term intake of excess food energy leads to accumulation of liver fat... [Photograph]. (2021, July 7). Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Type-2-diabetes-develops-as-long-term-intake-of-excess-food-energy-leads-to_fig1_353098170
Forouhi, N. G., Misra, A., Mohan, V., Taylor, R., & Yancy, W. (2018). Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 361, k2234. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2234
Innes, K. E., & Selfe, T. K. (2016). Yoga for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Journal of diabetes research, 2016, 6979370. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6979370
Jiafeng Geng, Qingqiang Ni, Wei Sun, Liangge Li, Xiujing Feng, The links between gut microbiota and obesity and obesity related diseases, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 147, 2022, 112678, ISSN 0753-3322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112678.
Kanaley, J. A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M. H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J., Kirwan, J. P., & Zierath, J. R. (2022). Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 54(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800
Lean, Michael, Leslie, Wilma, Barnes, Alison, Brosnahan, Naomi, Thom, George,McCombie, Louise, Peters, Carl, Zhyzhneuskaya, Sviatlana, Al-Mrabeh, Ahmad,Hollingsworth, Kieren, Rodrigues, Angela, Rehackova, Lucia, Adamson, Ashley, Sniehotta,Falko, Mathers, John, Ross, Hazel, McIlvenna, Yvonne, Stefanetti, Renae, Trenell, Michael,Welsh, Paul, Kean, Sharon, Ford, Ian, McConnachie, Alex, Sattar, Naveed and Taylor, Roy(2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): anopen-label, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet, 391 (10120). pp. 541-551. ISSN 0140-6736
Lee, E. Y., Cha, S. A., Yun, J. S., Lim, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Ahn, Y. B., Yoon, K. H., Hyun, M. K., & Ko, S. H. (2022). Efficacy of Personalized Diabetes Self-care Using an Electronic Medical Record-Integrated Mobile App in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 24(7), e37430. https://doi.org/10.2196/37430
Leite, S. A., Monk, A. M., Upham, P. A., & Bergenstal, R. M. (2009). Low cardiorespiratory fitness in people at risk for type 2 diabetes: early marker for insulin resistance. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 1(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-1-8
Nery, C., Moraes, S. R. A., Novaes, K. A., Bezerra, M. A., Silveira, P. V. C., & Lemos, A. (2017). Effectiveness of resistance exercise compared to aerobic exercise without insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 21(6), 400–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.004
Pfeiffer, A. F., & Klein, H. H. (2014). The treatment of type 2 diabetes. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 111(5), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2014.0069
Pollakova, D., Andreadi, A., Pacifici, F., Della-Morte, D., Lauro, D., & Tubili, C. (2021). The Impact of Vegan Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 13(6), 2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062123
Shah, A. S., D'Alessio, D., Ford-Adams, M. E., Desai, A. P., & Inge, T. H. (2016). Bariatric Surgery: A Potential Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. Diabetes care, 39(6), 934–940. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0067
Taylor, R., Ramachandran, A., Yancy, W. S., Jr, & Forouhi, N. G. (2021). Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 374, n1449. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1449
Taylor R. (2013). Type 2 diabetes: etiology and reversibility. Diabetes care, 36(4), 1047–1055. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1805
Turner, R. C., Cull, C. A., Frighi, V., & Holman, R. R. (1999). Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. JAMA, 281(21), 2005–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.21.2005
Wu, J., Yang, K., Fan, H., Wei, M., & Xiong, Q. (2023). Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in endocrinology, 14, 1114424. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1114424
Zhou, Z., Sun, B., Yu, D., & Zhu, C. (2022). Gut Microbiota: An Important Player in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 12, 834485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.834485
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Zayna Ahmed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
