Contributing Factors to Anxiety Disorders: A Neural-Biological Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v13i4.8030Keywords:
Anixety, Anxiety Disorders, Influences, Mental Health, Mental Disorder, Neurology, Emotion, BrainAbstract
Anxiety is a prominent and changing mental disorder existing in past, present, and future-day society. It includes constant, sudden, and lasting fear which fills the body and becomes a significant problem for many individuals. Ranging from young to old, poor to rich; anxiety is present in any individual who finds substantial fear within a certain topic or issue. Various contributing factors such as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences shape the way a person experiences and copes with anxiety. This mental disorder can be devastating for many due to the direct correlation between life experience and the internal system that controls emotion and mood. A neural-biological perspective to anxiety highlights exactly how the journey of anxiety travels through the brain and links mental health to physical behavior. This determines how intensely a certain individual may experience anxiety, as well as what specific types can prompt a sense of survival mode through the brain. Various treatment methods for anxiety include lessening or complete mitigation of anxiety. Efficiently, anxiety problems can be resolved if an individual understands the link between influences of anxiety to human behavior. These specific links within anxiety prove to aid quality of mental health, physical wellbeing, neural processes, and overall lifestyle.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
References
Cleveland Clinic. (2024). Anxiety Disorders. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders
Furber, G. (2023). The role of lifestyle factors in mental health. Flinders University. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://blogs.flinders.edu.au/student-health-and-well-being/2023/01/30/the-role-of-lifestyle-factors-in-mental-health/#:~:text=Mental%20health%20clinicians%20have%20been,smoke%20or%20use%20drugs%2Falcohol
Garner, A. R., & Stuart, G. L. (2023). Integrating Mindfulness and Acceptance Into Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of an Adult Man With Generalized Anxiety Disorder. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9403529/
Ghasemi, M., Navidhamidi, M., Rezaei, F., Azizikia, A., & Mehranfard, N. (2021). Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms. Springer Link. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13415-021-00973-y
Gupta, D., & Biorender. (2024). The Limbic System: Anxiety in the Brain [Photograph]. Biorender. https://app.biorender.com/illustrations/66ad4931b76433a8310498ec
Guy-Evans, O. (2023). Neurotransmitters: Types, Function And Examples (S. McLeod, Ed.). SimplyPsychology. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/neurotransmitter.html
Harvard Medical School (Ed.). (2022). Depression: Chemicals and communication. Harvard Health Publishing. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/depression/depression-chemicals-and-communication
Heston-Davis, R. (2023). The History of Anxiety (M. Boland, Ed.). PsychCentral. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/the-origins-of-anxiety#first-recognition
Hewitt, O. M. (2021). The experience of panic attacks in adolescents: an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13632752.2021.1948742
Javaid, S. F., Hashim, I. J., Hashim, M. J., Stip, E., Samad, M. A., & Ahbabi, A. A. (2023). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations. SpringerOpen. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20the%20total,highest%20burden%20in%20the%20world
Kendler, K., Myers, J. M., & Keyes, C. L. M. (2012). The Relationship Between the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Common Externalizing Psychopathology and Mental Wellbeing. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443631/
Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Bingham, S., Welch, A., Luben, R., & Day, N. (2008). Combined Impact of Health Behaviours and Mortality in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study (A. Lopzez, Ed.). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174962/
Martin, E. I., Ressler, K. J., Binder, E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2013). The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders: Brain Imaging, Genetics, and Psychoneuroendocrinology. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684250/#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20mood%20and%20anxiety,most%20phylogenetically%20recent%20brain%20region
Marwood, J.-H. (2017). Phobia. Urban Dictionary. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Phobia
Mayo Clinic. (2017). Generalized anxiety disorder. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20361045#:~:text=Antidepressants.,the%20first%20line%20medication%20treatments
Mental Health Foundation (Ed.). (2023). What causes anxiety? Mental Health Foundation. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/our-work/public-engagement/mental-health-awareness-week/anxiety-report/what-causes-anxiety#:~:text=A%20car%20accident%2C%20physical%20assault,can%20also%20increase%20anxiety%20levels
Murphy, N. (2023). How Lifestyle Choices Influence Anxiety Levels. CPD Online College. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/how-lifestyle-choices-influence-anxiety/
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Psychotherapies. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/psychotherapies#:~:text=Psychotherapy%20
National Institute of Mental Health (Ed.). (2024). Anxiety Disorders. National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. (2023). Cognitive vs. Emotional Psychopharmacological Manipulations of Fear vs. Anxiety. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02153944?aggFilters=funderType:nih,phase:4,status:rec%20not%20com&cond=anxiety&rank=4
Nepon, J., Belik, S.-L., Bolton, J., & Sareen, J. (2011). The Relationship Between Anxiety Disorders and Suicide Attempts: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940247/
NHS Inform. (2024). Antidepressants. NHS Inform. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/medicines-and-medical-aids/types-of-medicine/antidepressants/#:~:text=Antidepressants%20are%20thought%20to%20work,pain%20signals%20sent%20by%20nerves
NYU Langone Health. (n.d.). Diagnosing Anxiety Disorders. NYU Langone Health. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://nyulangone.org/conditions/anxiety-disorders/diagnosis
PennState Harrisburg. (2024). Guide to American Culture and Etiquette. PennState Harrisburg. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://harrisburg.psu.edu/international-students-office/guide-american-culture-etiquette
Piotrowski, M. C., Lunsford, J., & Gaynes, B. N. (2021). Lifestyle psychiatry for depression and anxiety: Beyond diet and exercise. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lim2.21
Porrey, M. (2023). What Is Severe Anxiety? (M. MacIntyre, Ed.). VeryWell Health. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/severe-anxiety-5200310#:~:text=People%20with%20severe%20levels%20of,or%20a%20lowered%20immune%20system
Roy-Bryne, P. (2017). Primary Care Intervention Strategy for Anxiety Disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00347269?term=anxiety&aggFilters=funderType:nih,phase:4,status:rec%20not%20com&cond=Generalized%20Anxiety%20Disorder&rank=6
Sarah. (n.d.). 7 Lifestyle Changes for Mental Health. Touching the Summit. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://touchingthesummit.com/2018/07/19/anxiety-depression-lifestyle-changes-2/
Synergy Health Programs (Ed.). (2021). The 5 Types of Anxiety Disorders. Synergy Health Programs. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://synergyhealthprograms.com/the-5-types-of-anxiety-disorders/
Therapy in a Nutshell. (2021). How Anxiety Affects the Brain 9/30 How to Recognize and Turn off the Fight/Flight/Freeze Response [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryWu56M6VnM
University of Toledo (Ed.). (2024). Fight / Flight / Freeze Response. The University of Toledo. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.utoledo.edu/studentaffairs/counseling/anxietytoolbox/fightflightfreeze.html
Velten, J., Lavallee, K. L., Scholten, S., Meyer, A. H., Zhang, X.-C., Schneider, S., & Margraf, J. (2014). Lifestyle choices and mental health: a representative population survey. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304169/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Diya Gupta; Jobin Varkey, Virgel Torremocha, Jothsna Kethar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.


