Future of Blockchain: Data Storage, Carbon Calculation, Accounting, and Emissions Trading

Authors

  • Melissa Fan Conestoga High School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5665

Keywords:

Blockchain, Data Storage, Carbon Calculation, Carbon Emissions Trading

Abstract

The paper explores various aspects of data storage technologies, including Solid-State Storage, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, and Blockchain, in the context of their implications, advantages, and limitations. Each technology's impact on data storage, performance, security, scalability, and environmental considerations is examined. Carbon Footprint (CF) is introduced as a measure of the environmental impact of data storage methods. The paper then delves into carbon calculation approaches, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurement in a computing environment. The integration of Carbon Footprint and Blockchain technology is discussed, presenting a framework for managing carbon emissions in data storage. Carbon accounting methodologies, including spend-based, activity-based, and hybrid methods, are detailed along with their applications in estimating greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the paper explores the intersection of Carbon Emission Trading and Blockchain, highlighting how Blockchain's transparency and security attributes can address challenges within carbon trading systems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

K. Cao, Y. Liu, G. Meng and Q. Sun, "An Overview on Edge Computing Research," in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 85714-85728, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2991734.

E. Seppanen, M. T. O'Keefe and D. J. Lilja, "High performance solid state storage under Linux," 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), Incline Village, NV, USA, 2010, pp. 1-12, doi: 10.1109/MSST.2010.5496976.

T. Dillon, C. Wu and E. Chang, "Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges," 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Perth, WA, Australia, 2010, pp. 27-33, doi: 10.1109/AINA.2010.187.

Kim, W. (2009). Cloud computing: today and tomorrow. The Journal of Object Technology, 8(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.5381/jot.2009.8.1.c4

Hayes, B. (2008). Cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 51(7), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/1364782.1364786

B. Varghese, N. Wang, S. Barbhuiya, P. Kilpatrick and D. S. Nikolopoulos, "Challenges and Opportunities in Edge Computing," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud), New York, NY, USA, 2016, pp. 20-26, doi: 10.1109/SmartCloud.2016.18.

W. Shi, J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li and L. Xu, "Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 637-646, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2016.2579198.

M. Satyanarayanan, "The Emergence of Edge Computing," in Computer, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 30-39, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1109/MC.2017.9.

Scrucca, F., Barberio, G., Fantin, V., Porta, P. L., & Barbanera, M. (2020). Carbon Footprint: Concept, Methodology and Calculation. In Environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes (pp. 1–31). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9577-6_1

C. Honée, D. Hedin, J. St-Laurent and M. Fröling, "Environmental performance of data centres - A case study of the Swedish National Insurance Administration," 2012 Electronics Goes Green 2012+, Berlin, Germany, 2012, pp. 1-6.

Liu, K., Chang, S., Huang, W., & Lu, I. (2019). The framework of the integration of carbon footprint and Blockchain: Using blockchain as a carbon emission management tool. In Springer eBooks (pp. 15–22). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1181-9_2

Lannelongue, L., Inouye, M. Carbon footprint estimation for computational research. Nat Rev Methods Primers 3, 9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00202-5

D. Shakhbulatov, A. Arora, Z. Dong and R. Rojas-Cessa, "Blockchain Implementation for Analysis of Carbon Footprint across Food Supply Chain," 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), Atlanta, GA, USA, 2019, pp. 546-551, doi: 10.1109/Blockchain.2019.00079.

Li, J., Wei, Y., Liu, L., Li, X., & Yan, R. (2022). The carbon footprint and cost of coal-based hydrogen production with and without carbon capture and storage technology in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 362, 132514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132514

Sadawi, A. A., Madani, B., Saboor, S., Ndiaye, M., & Abu-Lebdeh, G. (2021). A comprehensive hierarchical blockchain system for carbon emission trading utilizing blockchain of things and smart contract. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121124

Murray, M. (2019). Tutorial: A descriptive introduction to the blockchain. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 464–487. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.04525

Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O. et al. Blockchain. Bus Inf Syst Eng 59, 183–187 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0467-3

P. Tasatanattakool and C. Techapanupreeda, "Blockchain: Challenges and applications," 2018 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2018, pp. 473-475, doi: 10.1109/ICOIN.2018.8343163.

Farbstein, E., Vallinder, A., & Buchmann, L. (2023). Carbon accounting, explained. Normative. https://normative.io/insight/carbon-accounting-explained

Published

11-30-2023

How to Cite

Fan, M. (2023). Future of Blockchain: Data Storage, Carbon Calculation, Accounting, and Emissions Trading. Journal of Student Research, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5665

Issue

Section

HS Research Projects