The Representation of Refugees in Films and Its Impact on Attitudes Towards North Korean Defectors

Authors

  • Ye In Han Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies
  • Myojung Kim

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5594

Keywords:

representation of refugees, films, the impact of media, attitudes towards refugees, North Korean refugees

Abstract

Widespread social prejudice and stereotypes toward North Korean refugees in South Korea further exacerbate their adversities as asylum seekers. In light of this social problem and its long and complicated context, this study aims to show the important roles, past and present, that media–especially commercial movies–have in the social and cultural perspectives of people towards refugees. In this article, I discuss the role of the media in shaping general perception through reviewing psychological theories and experiments. Furthermore, based on the cases of North Korean refugees, the study examines the challenges many refugees face in the countries they immigrated to, such as social prejudice and discrimination, but the article specifically focuses on the experiences of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The study examines how North Korea and its refugees are represented in various South Korean commercial movies to anticipate their potential impact on society. This research is necessary because it claims that portraying only the limited aspect of refugees through media can possibly spur diverse social problems. Through my research, I concluded that the future films should portray the humane parts of the characters, not using them as characters representing specific political ideals.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

“Advantages and Disadvantages of Commercial Films Archives.” I.M.A.F.F, imaffawards.com/tag/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-commercial-films/. Accessed 11 July 2023.

Aronson, Joshua, and Catherine Good. Stereotype Threat: Some Necessary and Sufficient Conditions, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1037/e413792005-265.

Aumer, Katherine, et al. “Assessing Racial Preferences in Movies: The Impact of Mere-Exposure and Social Identity Theory.” Psychology, vol. 08, no. 09, 2017, pp. 1314–1325, https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.89085.

Axford, Roger W. “Higher Education in the American Republics. by Dr. Harold R. W. Benjamin. McGraw-Hill Series in International Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965 224 Pages. $10.00.” Adult Education, vol. 16, no. 2, 1966, pp. 125–128, https://doi.org/10.1177/074171366601600210.

Berry, J. W. “Acculturation: A Conceptual Overview.” Acculturation and Parent-Child Relationships, 2006, pp. 13–32, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780415963589-2.

Casad, Bettina J., and William J. Bryant. “Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical to Diversity and Inclusion in Organizational Psychology.” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00008.

Choi, Gyubin. “North Korean Refugees in South Korea : Change and Challenge in Settlement Support Policy.” The Korean Journal of International Studies, vol. 16, no. 1, 2018, pp. 77–98, https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2018.04.16.1.77.

Chung, Byung-Ho. “Between Defector and Migrant: Identities and Strategies of North Koreans in South Korea.” Korean Studies, vol. 32, no. 1, 2008, pp. 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1353/ks.0.0002.

Coyne, Sarah M., et al. “Pretty as a Princess: Longitudinal Effects of Engagement with Disney Princesses on Gender Stereotypes, Body Esteem, and Prosocial Behavior in Children.” Child Development, vol. 87, no. 6, 2016, pp. 1909–1925, https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12569.

Fackler, Martin. “Young North Korean Defectors Struggle in the South.” The New York Times, 13 July 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/07/13/world/asia/young-north-korean-defectors-struggle-in-the-south.html.

Follow mePhil MillsSupreme dark overlord of Far East Films. “Typhoon (2005) - Review.” Far East Films, 13 Oct. 2021, www.fareastfilms.com/?review_post_type=typhoon.

Ina, Choi, and SoYean Lee. “The Effects of Personal and Social Factors on the Acculturation of North Korean Adolescent Defectors.” Studies on Korean Youth, 1 Jan. 1970, www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART0 02936516.

Jae Yop Kim. “Impact of PTSD on North Korean Defector’s Social Adjustment in South Korea -Focused on the Moderating Effect of Resilience and Social Interaction-.” Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, vol. 43, no. 4, 2012, pp. 343–367, https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2012.43.4.343.

Joeng, Seunghui. “A Study on Support Status and Improvement Plan of Information and Communication Assistive Devices for Hearing Impaired.” Korean Journal of Political Science, vol. 28, no. 2, 2020, pp. 119–143, https://doi.org/10.34221/kjps.2020.28.2.6.

Kim, Dong-Choon. The Unending Korean War: A Social History. Tamal Vista, 2009.

Kim, Jih-Un, and Dong-Jin Jang. “Aliens among Brothers? The Status and Perception of North Korean Refugees in South Korea.” Asian Perspective, vol. 31, no. 2, 2007, pp. 5–22, https://doi.org/10.1353/apr.2007.0023.

Kim, Min Ah, et al. “Understanding Social Exclusion and Psychosocial Adjustment of North Korean Adolescents and Young Adult Refugees in South Korea through Photovoice.” Qualitative Social Work, vol. 14, no. 6, 2015, pp. 820–841, https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325015572940.

Kim, Sea Young, and Leif-Eric Easley. “The Neglected North Korean Crisis: Women’s Rights.” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 35, no. 1, 2021, pp. 19–29, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0892679421000010.

Kim, Sung Kyung. “‘defector,’ ‘Refugee,’ or ‘Migrant’? North Korean Settlers in South Korea’s Changing Social Discourse.” North Korean Review, vol. 8, no. 2, 2012, pp. 94–110, https://doi.org/10.3172/nkr.8.2.94.

Kujan, Stephen L. “Stereotype Threat.” Stereotype Threat, www.philosophy.rutgers.edu/climate-v2/climate-issues-in-academic-philosophy/stereotype-threat. Accessed 11 July 2023.

May, John R. “Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television. by Jerry Mander. New York: William Morrow, 1978. 371 Pages. $4.95.” Horizons, vol. 6, no. 1, 1979, pp. 158–159, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900016042.

Moon, Heejeong, and Son-Eun Young. “College Adaptation of the North Korean Adolescent Defector.” Journal of Education & Culture, vol. 24, no. 6, 2018, pp. 721–744, https://doi.org/10.24159/joec.2018.24.6.721.

Noller, Patricia. Relationships with Parents in Adolescence: Process and Outcome. “North Korean Refugees Protection and Settlement Support Act: 국가법령정보센터: 영문법령 > 본문.” NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES PROTECTION AND SETTLEMENT SUPPORT ACT | 국가법령정보센터 | 영문법령 > 본문, www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?chrClsCd=010203&lsiSeq=206648&viewCls=engLsInfoR&urlMode= engLsInfoR#0000. Accessed 11 July 2023.

Owen, David. “The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves-and Why It Matters - by B. R. Myers.” Asian Politics & Policy, vol. 3, no. 3, 2011, pp. 477–478, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2011.01282.x.

Pennington, Charlotte R., et al. “Twenty Years of Stereotype Threat Research: A Review of Psychological Mediators.” PLOS ONE, vol. 11, no. 1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146487.

Rainie, Lee. “Code-Dependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithm Age.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, 8 Feb. 2017, www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/02/08/code-dependent-pros-and-cons-of-the-algorithm-age/.

Resettling in South Korea: Challenges for Young North Korean Refugees, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep08152. Accessed 11 July 2023.

Spencer, Steven J., et al. “Stereotype Threat and Women’s Math Performance.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 35, no. 1, 1999, pp. 4–28, https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1373.

“A Study on Educational Policies for North Korean Defector Youth in South Korea.” Korean Journal of Sociology of Education, vol. 28, no. 4, 2018, pp. 31–55, https://doi.org/10.32465/ksocio.2018.28.4.002.

Tullock, Gordon, and Albert O. Hirschman. “Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States.” The Journal of Finance, vol. 25, no. 5, 1970, p. 1194, https://doi.org/10.2307/2325604.

Xu, Mo. “Analysis on the Influence of Female Characters in Disney Films.” Proceedings of the 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021), 2021, https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210806.061.

Yoon, Jang Seob. “South Korea Smartphone Penetration (Share of Population) 2018-2028.” Statista, 28 June 2023, www.statista.com/statistics/321408/smartphone-user-penetration-in-south-korea/.

Yu, Ji Ae. “A Study on the Research Trends of University Students Defected from North Korea.” Journal of School Social Work, vol. 49, 2020, pp. 253–280, https://doi.org/10.20993/jssw.49.11.

Zajonc, Robert B. “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 9, no. 2, Pt.2, 1968, pp. 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025848.

“脫北者를 다룬 영화「태풍」만든 곽경택 감독 『북한 人權을 소재로 블록버스터 만든 데 자부심을 느낀다』.”

NKÁ¶¼±, nk.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=77089. Accessed 11 July 2023. “영화 - 국경의 남쪽.” 병원신문, 27 Apr. 2006, www.khanews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=20627. “우리들의 영화 ‘태풍’ - 강철환 : 탈북자동지회 칼럼.” 탈북자동지회, www.nkd.or.kr/news/column/view/326.

Accessed 11 July 2023.

“제3국 출생 북한이탈주민 자녀의 한국 입국 경험과 진로 준비에 관한 연구.” Repository at Hanyang University: 제3국 출생 북한이탈주민 자녀의 한국 입국 경험과 진로 준비에 관한 연구, 1 Feb. 2020, repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/123967.

“탈북자: 청소년 10명 중 6명 ‘4년제 대학 이상 교육 원해.’” BBC News 코리아, www.bbc.com/korean/vert-cap-48010714. Accessed 11 July 2023.

왕샤오징, 한국 스파이 영화 속 북한(인)의 이미지 재현 연구:<베를린>과 <의형제>의 드라마투르기를 중심으로., Aug. 2019.

Published

11-30-2023

How to Cite

Han, Y. I., & Kim, M. (2023). The Representation of Refugees in Films and Its Impact on Attitudes Towards North Korean Defectors. Journal of Student Research, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5594

Issue

Section

HS Essay