A Teenager's Pandemic

How Mental Health Issues are Related to Attachment Styles

Authors

  • Eunji Choi Korea International School Jeju Campus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5284

Keywords:

Attachment Styles, Mental Health Issues, Adolescents, Relationships

Abstract

The paper aimed to discover the relationship between mental health and help-seeking behaviors. Importantly, attachment styles demonstrate the significance of social expectations, and the feelings of stigma that often arise in conversations about mental health. Despite more teenagers experiencing mental health issues, less are showing courage to seek out professional help. Moreover, even when adolescents do reach out for help, it is to their peers rather than professionals. Attachment styles, as classically defined by Ainsworth and Bowlby affect the ways in which people interact in a relationship, thereby influencing the help-seeking behavior. These different styles further affect how people form relationships and how they respond to situations. People with healthier attachment style (secure) are more likely to seek help, while people with less healthier attachment styles (anxious, avoidant, fearful) are less likely to seek help when struggling with mental health issues. Mental health issues, especially with teenagers, are huge factors that influence suicide rates and well-being of the citizens. It is necessary that more research is done regarding help-seeking behaviors and its relation to attachment styles. Further research into such topics would be able to help those in struggle by finding ways to encourage them to seek out professional help.  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Ainsworth, Mary D. S. (1969). Object Relations, Dependency, and Attachment: A Theoretical Review of the Infant-Mother Relationship. Child Development, 40(4), 969–1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127008

Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (2005). Labeling—stereotype—discrimination: An investigation of the stigma process. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 40, 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0903-4

Berant, E., Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (2001). Attachment style and mental health: A 1-year follow-up study of mothers of infants with congenital heart disease. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 956-968. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278004

Berkowitz, A. D. (2005). An overview of the social norms approach. Changing the culture of college drinking: A socially situated health communication campaign, 1, 193-214.

Bicchieri Cristina, Ryan Muldoon, and Alessandro Sontuoso. "Social Norms", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/social-norms/>.

Bowlby, J. (1958), The nature of the child’s tie to his mother. International Journal of PsychoAnalysis, 34, 1-23.

Chazan, S. (1999). Attachment Theory and Close Relationships. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 53(2), 269–270. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1999.53.2.269

Cohen, O., & Finzi-Dottan, R. (2005). Parent–child relationships during the divorce process; from attachment theory and intergenerational perspective. Contemporary Family Therapy, 27, 81-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-004-1972-3

Dey, M., Reavley, N. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2016). Young people's difficulty in talking to others about mental health problems: An analysis of time trends in Switzerland. Psychiatry research, 237, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.048

Dovidio, J. F., Major, B., & Crocker, J. (2000). Stigma: Introduction and overview. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 1–28). The Guilford Press.

Enge, L. R., Lupo, A. K., & Zárate, M. A. (2015). Neurocognitive mechanisms of prejudice formation: The role of time-dependent memory consolidation. Psychological science, 26(7), 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/095679761557290

Fortune, S., Sinclair, J., & Hawton, K. (2008). Help-seeking before and after episodes of self-harm: a descriptive study in school pupils in England. BMC public health, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-369

Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (2010). Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-10-113

Hagerty, B. M., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 6(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H

Hechter, M., & Opp, K. D. (Eds.). (2001). Social norms. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp.10714-10720). https://doi.org./10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01936-7

Howe, D. (1995). Attachment theory and social relationships. In: Attachment Theory for Social Work Practice. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24081-4_4

Kurzban, R., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: The functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.187

Lawrence, B. S., & Shah, N. P. (2020). Homophily: Measures and meaning. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 513-597. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0147

Mak, W. W. S., Cheung, F. M. C., Wong, S. Y. S., Tang, W. K., Lau, J. T. F., Woo, J., & Lee, D. T. F. (2015). Stigma towards people with psychiatric disorders. Hong Kong Med J, 21(Suppl 2), 9-12.

O’Brien, D., Harvey, K., Howse, J., Reardon, T., & Creswell, C. (2016). Barriers to managing child and adolescent mental health problems: a systematic review of primary care practitioners’ perceptions. British Journal of General Practice, 66(651), e693-e707. https://doi.org /10.3399/bjgp16X687061

Pietromonaco, P. R., & Markus, H. (1985). The nature of negative thoughts in depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(3), 799. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.3.799

Roach, A. (2018). Supportive peer relationships and mental health in adolescence: An integrative review. Issues in mental health nursing, 39(9), 723-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1496498

Ross, A. M., Hart, L. M., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., & Kitchener, B. A. (2012). Development of key messages for adolescents on providing basic mental health first aid to peers: a Delphi consensus study. Early intervention in psychiatry, 6(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00331.x

Shankar, R., El Kady, R., & Aggarwal, A. (2020). Youth suicide: a population crying for help? A system overloaded? Who can help? Missouri medicine, 117(4), 370.

Sirvanli-Ozen, D. (2005). Impacts of divorce on the behavior and adjustment problems, parenting styles, and attachment styles of children: Literature review including Turkish studies. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 42(3-4), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v42n03_08

Vogel, D. L., Bitman, R. L., Hammer, J. H., & Wade, N. G. (2013). Is stigma internalized? The longitudinal impact of public stigma on self-stigma. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031889.

Wilson, S., & Dumornay, N. M. (2022). Rising Rates of Adolescent Depression in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 70(3), 354–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.003

Yárnoz-Yaben, S. (2010). Attachment style and adjustment to divorce. The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.048

Published

11-30-2023

How to Cite

Choi, E. (2023). A Teenager’s Pandemic: How Mental Health Issues are Related to Attachment Styles . Journal of Student Research, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i4.5284

Issue

Section

HS Review Projects