CRISPR Based Gene Editing Technologies in Cancer Research and Detection via miRNA

Authors

  • Edier Carod-Diaz Pinecrest Preparatory High School
  • Laura Prince Pinecrest Preparatory Middle High School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.5001

Keywords:

CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas12, CRISPR/Cas13, Cancer, miRNA

Abstract

The CRISPR system of genetic editing has been a breakthrough in all fields of science and medicine, including that of cancer research, therapy, and diagnosis. In the last two years, research has narrowed down on CRISPRs ability to serve as a tool to detect oncogenes in patients to diagnose cancer in a quick and efficient manner. CRISPR and the three key enzymes (cas9, cas12, and cas13) are a revolutionary tool for medicine and cancer trials. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA which regulate gene expression and gene functions, both crucial to cell functions. However, aberrant miRNA is expressed in all tumor proliferation diseases, including cancer. Studies have shown CRISPRs ability to detect cancerous levels of oncogenic MicroRNAs in human samples through a variety of methods such as CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi, CRISPR/Cas12 and RCA coupling, CRISPR/Cas13 exosome coupling, and Cas13a-Cas12a amplification. All of these methods provide extremely quick high sensitivity and high specificity detection of oncogenic miRNA in samples with concentrations below 1 fM. This paper is a synthesis of the current research on the methods mentioned above to aid in the further research of CRISPR/Cas systems in cancer diagnosis and cancer therapeutics.  

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Author Biographies

Edier Carod-Diaz, Pinecrest Preparatory High School

Edier Carod-Diaz is a Junior high school student at Pinecrest Preparatory Middle High School (PPMH). He Is currently part of a PLTW biomedical program through his school's STEM academy and is balancing a full dual enrollment and AP courseload alongside his research pursuits. He is also a secured intern as a receptionist, pediatric assistant, and lab assistant. His future research areas pertain to genetics, internal medicine, oncology, and gene editing technologies like CRISPR. 

Laura Prince, Pinecrest Preparatory Middle High School

Laura Prince is a High school English teacher and a first-year student at the University of Chicago Masters in Humanities Program. She received two bachelor's degrees from the University of Florida in Sociology and English Literature. Her previous fields of research were within Sociology and Criminology, affiliated with the Loss Prevention Research Council. Her current research focus is on Critical Theory and economic disparities in 20th Century poetics.    

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Published

08-31-2023

How to Cite

Carod-Diaz, E., & Prince, L. (2023). CRISPR Based Gene Editing Technologies in Cancer Research and Detection via miRNA. Journal of Student Research, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.5001

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2023)

Section

HS Review Articles

Copyright (c) 2023 Edier Carod-Diaz; Laura Prince

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