Skin Cancer: The Ozone Layer and UV Radiation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i4.3836Keywords:
Skin Cancer, Ozone Layer, UV RadiationAbstract
The ozone layer is a thin, invisible layer that protects life on earth. It is made up of several ozone molecules that are recreated and destroyed by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation, commonly known as UV radiation, is not visible to the human eye and exhibits wavelengths from 10 to 400 nm. UV radiation has three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. The ozone layer completely absorbs UVC, mostly absorbs UVB, and slightly absorbs UVA. UVB and UVA radiation are the primary non-genetic factors for skin cancer and disease. UV radiation causes DNA damage, resulting in uncontrolled cellular growth of cancerous cells and mutations. Types of skin cancer are divided into melanoma and nonmelanoma. Both are commonly marked by abnormal formations on the skin. This research paper uses statistics and data on the ozone layer, UVR, and skin cancer to highlight the correlation between these three factors. The ozone layer directly affects the penetration of UVR into the atmosphere; UVR directly affects the generation of skin cancer. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the relationship between the ozone layer and UVR exposure is vital to preventing skin cancer.
Downloads
References or Bibliography
Arnold, M., de Vries, E., Whiteman, D. C., Jemal, A., Bray, F., Parkin, D. M., & Soerjomataram, I. (2018). Global burden of cutaneous melanoma attributable to ultraviolet radiation in 2012. International journal of cancer, 143(6), 1305–1314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31527
Corchado-Cobos, R., García-Sancha, N., González-Sarmiento, R., Pérez-Losada, J., & Cañueto, J. (2020). Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Biology to Therapy. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(8), 2956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082956
D'Orazio, J., Jarrett, S., Amaro-Ortiz, A., & Scott, T. (2013). UV radiation and the skin. International journal of molecular sciences, 14(6), 12222–12248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140612222
Dika, E., Scarfì, F., Ferracin, M., Broseghini, E., Marcelli, E., Bortolani, B., Campione, E., Riefolo, M., Ricci, C., & Lambertini, M. (2020). Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(15), 5572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155572
Linares, M. A., Zakaria, A., & Nizran, P. (2015). Skin Cancer. Primary care, 42(4), 645–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2015.07.006
Matsumura, Y., & Ananthaswamy, H. N. (2004). Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 195(3), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019
Moshammer, H., Simic, S., & Haluza, D. (2017). UV-Radiation: From Physics to Impacts. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020200
Narayanan, D.L., Saladi, R.N. and Fox, J.L. (2010). Review: Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. International Journal of Dermatology, 49: 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x
NASA Ozone Watch. (2022). Retrieved July 24, 2022, from https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Office of Air and Radiation. (2004, May). A Guide to the UV Index. (EPA 430-F-04-020). Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/uviguide.pdf
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, Kumar, A., Tyagi, M. B., & Sinha, R. P. (2010). Molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage and repair. Journal of nucleic acids, 2010, 592980. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/592980
Rastrelli, M., Tropea, S., Rossi, C. R., & Alaibac, M. (2014). Melanoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 28(6), 1005–1011.
Rowland F. S. (2006). Stratospheric ozone depletion. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 361(1469), 769–790. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1783
Watson, M., Holman, D. M., & Maguire-Eisen, M. (2016). Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Its Impact on Skin Cancer Risk. Seminars in oncology nursing, 32(3), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2016.05.005
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Jimmy Kwon; Jothsna Kethar, Rajagopal Appavu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright holder(s) granted JSR a perpetual, non-exclusive license to distriute & display this article.
