A Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescent Food Insecurity: How Adolescent Food Insecurity is associated with Future Food Insecurity

Authors

  • Hyun Joon Song St. Mark's School of Texas
  • Sujin Kim

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.2990

Keywords:

food insecurity, adolescent food insecurity, adolescent health, COVID-19

Abstract

The intention of this study was to determine the significance of transformations in adolescent food insecurity following the outbreak of COVID-19, and to investigate the possible effects that adolescent food insecurity has on the future. The data was compiled from an open-source network regarding adolescent food insecurity from January 2019 to December 2021. To further study the implications of adolescent food insecurity, I implemented a qualitative research design and focused on statistical data provided by the USDA’s Economic Research Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To accurately estimate the number of residents experiencing food insecurity in the United States, the USDA ERS uses publicized data from the U.S. Census Bureau of Labor Statistics to research the factors contributing to food insecurity. From the statistical data released by the USDA ERS in September 2021, it is evident that the pandemic caused an increase in food insecurity across the nation. But when looking closer at the age discrepancy of the research, it is evident that adolescents are understudied compared to younger children and adults. However, adolescents’ vulnerability to food insecurity makes it imperative to conduct deeper research on food insecurity for their age group. The socioeconomic and demographic indicators used by the USDA and CDC to analyze food insecurity are low income, health issues, education level, Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program status, race disparities, and urbanization. To analyze the factors influencing adolescent food insecurity in the United States, it is necessary to examine the meaning of these indicators.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., & Frongillo, E. A. (2001). Food insufficiency and American school-aged children’s cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development. Pediatrics, 108(1), 44-53

Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Christian A. Gregory, and Anita Singh. (September 2020). Household Food Security in the United States in 2020. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/102076/err-298.pdf?v=2079

Alex Grey. (2016) Which Countries Spend the Most on Food? This Map Will Show You. World Economic Forum.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/this-map-shows-how-much-each-country-spends-on-food/

Ana O’Quin. (December 2019). The Hidden Epidemic of Teen Food Insecurity. Shared Justice.

https://www.sharedjustice.org/most-recent/2019/12/23/the-hidden-epidemic-of-teen-food-insecurity

Banerjee A, Duflo E. (2011). More than 1 billion people are hungry in the world. Foreign Policy. p. 66–72.

Bryan Stierman, Joseph Afful, Margaret D. Carroll, Te-Ching Chen, Orlando Davy, Steven Fink, Cheryl D. Fryar, Qiuping Gu, Craig M. Hales, Jeffery P. Hughes, Yechiam Ostchega, Renee J. Storandt, and Lara J. Akinbami. (June 2021). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–March 2020 Prepandemic Data Files—Development of Files and Prevalence Estimates for Selected Health Outcomes. CDC National Health Statistics Report.

Caroline E West , Katherine E Darling , Elizabeth B Ruzicka , Amy F Sato . (May 2020). Household income and loss of control eating in adolescence: Examining the role of food insecurity. Apetite. Vol. 165.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/appetite/vol/165/suppl/C

Caroline Ratcliffe and Signe-Mary McKernan, (2010). How much Does SNAP Reduce Food insecurity?. The Urban Institute and USDA.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/84336/ccr-60.pdf?v=6095.1

Coleman-Jensen, A., McFall, W., & Nord, M. (2013). Food Insecurity in households with children: Prevalence, severity, and household characteristics. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/43763/37672_eib-113.pdf?v=0

Coleman-Jensen A, Rabbitt MP, Gregory CA, Singh A. (2018) Statistical supplement to household food security in the United States in 2017. Washington, DC: Economic Research Service.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-u-s/measurement/#insecurity

Coleman-Jensen, A., Rabbitt, M. P., Gregory, C. A., & Singh, A. (2019). Household food security in the United States in 2019. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/94849/err-270.pdf?v=963.1

Craig Gundersen. (August 8, 2020). Map the Meal Gap 2020 Child Food Insecurity Module. Feeding America

https://www.feedingamerica.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Map%20the%20Meal%20Gap%202020%20Child%20Food%20Insecurity%20Module.pdf

Delisle H, Batal M. (2016) The double burden of malnutrition associated with poverty. Lancet.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30795-4/fulltext

Diana F. Jyoti, Edward A. Frongillo,4 and Sonya J. Jones. (2022) Food Insecurity Affects School Children’s Academic Performance, Weight Gain, and Social Skills1–3. Community and International Nutrition.

Elaine Waxman, Susan J. Popkin, Martha Galvez. (2016). Bringing Teens to the Table: A Focus on Food Insecurity in America. Feeding America and Urban Institute.

https://www.feedingamerica.org/sites/default/files/research/teen-hunger-research/bringing-teens-to-the-table.pdf

FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI). Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations.

https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb4474en

Fitzpatrick KM, Harris C, Drawve G. (2020). Assessing U.S. food insecurity in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic. University of Arkansas.

https://fulbright.uark.edu/departments/sociology/research-centers/community-family-institute/_resources/community-and-familyinstitute/revised-assessing-food-insecurity-brief.pdf

Heather Hahn, Amelia Coffey, and Gina Adams. (2021). Young People and Nutrition Assistance. Urban Institute.

https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/103586/young-people-and-nutrition-assistance_1.pdf

Heidi Ullmann, Ph.D., Julie D. Weeks, Ph.D., and Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D. (February, 2022). Children Living in Households That Experienced Food Insecurity: United States, 2019–2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Center for Health Statistics.

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db432.htm

Ingram DD, Franco SJ. (2014). 2013 NCHS urban–rural classification scheme for counties. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(166).

Jennifer L. Dush. (January 22, 2020). Adolescent food insecurity: A review of contextual and behavioral factors. Public Health Nursing.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/phn.12708

Joseph Allen, Sara Bleich, Jessica Cohen, Benjamin Somers. (October 28, 2020). Why partisan politics keeps 14 million hungry children from getting the food they need. USA Today.

https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/10/28/how-politics-keeps-14-million-american-kids-getting-enough-food-column/6051427002/

Kathryn Cronquist and Sarah Lauffer. (February 2019). Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2017. USDA.

https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/Characteristics2017.pdf

Kathryn Cronquist. (November 2019). Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2018. USDA.

https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/Characteristics2018.pdf

Kathryn Cronquist. (March 2021). Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households: Fiscal Year 2019. USDA.

https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/resource-files/Characteristics2019.pdf

Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. (July 2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review. International Journal of Surgery. pp. 185–93.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120303162?via%3Dihub#!

Parekh, N., Ali, S.H., O’Connor, J. et al. (August, 2021). Food insecurity among households

with children during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a study among social media users across the United States. Nutrition Journal.

https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-021-00732-2#auth-Niyati-Parekh

Pierre Biscaye, Caitlin O'Brien-Carelli, C. Leigh Anderson, and Travis Reynolds. (July 28, 2016). Review of EPAR’s Research on Nitrition and Food Securtiy. Evans School Policy Analysis and Research Group.

https://epar.evans.uw.edu/blog/food-security-and-nutrition-low-income-countries

Ralston K, Treen K, Coleman-Jensen A, Guthrie J. (2017). Children’s food security and USDA child nutrition programs.

Raskind IG, Haardörfer R, Berg CJ. (2019). Food insecurity, psychosocial health and academic performance among college and university students in Georgia, USA. Public Health Nutrition.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/food-insecurity-psychosocial-health-and-academic-performance-among-college-and-university-students-in-georgia-usa/E5FAE19329081C2E5FA34424535E2F9A

Saied Toossi, Jordan W. Jones, and Leslie Hodges. (August 2021). The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2020 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture ERS.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/101909/eib-227.pdf?v=9200.5

Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. (December 2015) Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Obesity.

USDA. (2013). Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy. USDA Food and Nutrition Service. https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-examining-evidence-definebenefit-adequacy.

USDA, (December 2020). SNAP Eligibility. USDA Food and Nutrition Service. https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/recipient/eligibility.

USDA. (June 2021). SNAP Participants’ Barriers to Healthy Eating. USDA ERS.

https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/infographic-barriers-to-healthy-eating

Walter Willet. (2020). Food Insecurity, Inequality and COVID-19. The Forum of Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health. (Video)

https://theforum.sph.harvard.edu/events/food-insecurity-inequality-and-covid-19/

Waxman, Elaine, Craig Gundersen, and Megan Thompson. 2018. “How Far Do SNAP Benefits Fall Short of Covering the Cost of a Meal?. Urban Institute.

Published

08-31-2022

How to Cite

Song, H. J., & Kim, S. (2022). A Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescent Food Insecurity: How Adolescent Food Insecurity is associated with Future Food Insecurity. Journal of Student Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.2990

Issue

Section

HS Research Articles