Effect of Antacid Concentration on Acetaminophen-Alginate Sphere Diffusion in a Model Gastric System

Authors

  • Mustafaa Munir Fishers High School
  • Ben Beasley Fishers High School
  • Alexander Smith Fishers High School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i1.1335

Keywords:

Alginate, Acetaminophen, Antacid, Spectrophotometry, Spherification

Abstract

This paper presents a growing awareness for socio-cultural and socio-economic factors in medical and pharmaceutical treatments through a review of the current literature, and a concurrent need to produce a cheap and vegetarian alternative to current capsules. It was hypothesized that increasing the concentration of antacid would increase the rate of diffusion of the contents of an acetaminophen-alginate sphere due to the neutralization of pH between stomach acid and the antacid. The methodology employed prepared these spheres with reverse spherification, tested them via spectrophotometry in a model stomach system, and analyzed the data using the Beer-Lambert Law. Finally, it was found that increasing antacid concentration has a direct, yet exponentially decreasing relationship with the rate of diffusion, therefore the hypothesis was only partially correct.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References or Bibliography

Antacids—IFFGD. (n.d.). Retrieved December 19, 2019, from https://www.iffgd.org/diet-treatments/antacids.html

Daher, M., Chaar, B., & Saini, B. (2015). Impact of Patients’ Religious and Spiritual Beliefs in Pharmacy: From the Perspective of the Pharmacist. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(1), e31–e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.05.004

Drug Absorption—Drugs. (n.d.). Retrieved December 19, 2019, from Merck Manuals Consumer Version website: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/administration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-absorption

Eriksson, A., Burcharth, J., & Rosenberg, J. (2013). Animal Derived Products May Conflict with Religious Patients’ Beliefs. BMC Medical Ethics, 14, 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-48

Granberg, R. A., & Rasmuson, Å. C. (1999). Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 44(6), 1391–1395. https://doi.org/10.1021/je990124v

Hamed, S., Ayob, F. A., Alfatama, M., & Doolaanea, A. A. (2017). Enhancement of The Immediate Release Of Paracetamol From Alginate Beads. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 9(2), 47. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2017v9i2.15672

Hameed, A. M., Asiyanbi-H, T., Idris, M., Fadzillah, N., & Mirghani, M. E. S. (2018). A Review of Gelatin Source Authentication Methods. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 29(2), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.15

Jain, B. V., Pawar, S. R., Patil, N. R., Patil, P. J., & Sharma, S. N. (2012). A Vegetarian Capsule: A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Technol, 2, 10-12.

Lee, K. Y., & Mooney, D. J. (2012). Alginate: Properties and Biomedical Applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(1), 106–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003

LibreTexts. (2020). The Beer-Lambert Law. Retrieved from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Spectroscopy/Electronic_Spectroscopy/Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics/The_Beer-Lambert_Law

LibreTexts. (2019). Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid. Retrieved from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Demos,_Techniques,_and_Experiments/General_Lab_Techniques/Titration/Titration_of_a_Weak_Base_with_a_Strong_Acid

Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology. Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Neuvonen, P. J., & Kivistö, K. T. (1994). Enhancement of Drug Absorption by Antacids: An Unrecognised Drug Interaction. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 27(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199427020-00004

Potter, J. (2010). Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food. Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly.

PubChem. (n.d.). Acetaminophen. Retrieved December 19, 2019, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1983

Rubio, M. R., & Ghaly, E. S. (1993). Acetaminophen-alginate Spheres Prepared by Cross Linking Technology. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 12(4), 269–272.

Stevens, H., & Huys, I. (2017). Innovative Approaches to Increase Access to Medicines in Developing Countries. Frontiers in Medicine, 4, 218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00218

WHO | Medicines Pricing and Financing. (n.d.). Retrieved December 19, 2019, from WHO website: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/access/en/

Zhang, Z., Zhang, R., Zou, L., & McClements, D. J. (2016). Protein Encapsulation in Alginate Hydrogel Beads: Effect of pH on Microgel Stability, Protein Retention and Protein Release. Food Hydrocolloids, 58, 308–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.015

Corning. (1995). Instruction Manual - 120V/100V [PDF File]. Retrieved February 26, 2020 from https://www.americaninstrument.com/pdf/2810-HEAT-STIR.pdf

OHAUS. (n.d). Scout Pro Balance Instruction Manual [PDF File]. Retrieved February 26, 2020 from https://www.testequipmentdepot.com/ohaus/pdfs/scout-pro-manual.pdf

Shapley, P. (2010). Equilibria with Calcium Carbonate. Retrieved from http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/environmental/l25/3.html

Social Science Statistics. (n.d.). One-Way ANOVA Calculator. Retrieved February 27, 2020, from https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/anova/default2.aspx

Social Science Statistics. (n.d.). Single-Sample Confidence Interval Calculator. Retrieved February 27, 2020, from https://www.socscistatistics.com/confidenceinterval/default2.aspx

Social Science Statistics. (n.d.). Standard Deviation and Variance Calculator. Retrieved February 27, 2020, from https://www.socscistatistics.com/descriptive/variance/default.aspx

UNICO. (n.d.). Basic Visible Spectrophotometer. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://www.unicosci.com/s-1000.html

Published

03-31-2021

How to Cite

Munir, M., Beasley, B., & Smith, A. (2021). Effect of Antacid Concentration on Acetaminophen-Alginate Sphere Diffusion in a Model Gastric System. Journal of Student Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i1.1335

Issue

Section

AP Capstone™ Research